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// 资源名可使用任意有业务语义的字符串，比如方法名、接口名或其它可唯一标识的字符串。
try (Entry entry = SphU.entry("resourceName")) {
  // 被保护的业务逻辑
  // do something here...
} catch (BlockException ex) {
  // 资源访问阻止，被限流或被降级
  // 在此处进行相应的处理操作
}

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<!--sentinel-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>

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spring:
  cloud:
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: localhost:8089 # 这里我的sentinel用了8089的端口

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public Order queryOrderById(Long orderId) {
    // 创建Entry，标记资源，资源名为resource1
    try (Entry entry = SphU.entry("resource1")) {
        // 1.查询订单，这里是假数据
        Order order = Order.build(101L, 4999L, "小米 MIX4", 1, 1L, null);
        // 2.查询用户，基于Feign的远程调用
        User user = userClient.findById(order.getUserId());
        // 3.设置
        order.setUser(user);
        // 4.返回
        return order;
    }catch (BlockException e){
        log.error("被限流或降级", e);
        return null;
    }
}

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/**
 * Aspect for methods with {@link SentinelResource} annotation.
 *
 * @author Eric Zhao
 */
@Aspect
public class SentinelResourceAspect extends AbstractSentinelAspectSupport {
	// 切点是添加了 @SentinelResource注解的类
    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource)")
    public void sentinelResourceAnnotationPointcut() {
    }
	
    // 环绕增强
    @Around("sentinelResourceAnnotationPointcut()")
    public Object invokeResourceWithSentinel(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        // 获取受保护的方法
        Method originMethod = resolveMethod(pjp);
		// 获取 @SentinelResource注解
        SentinelResource annotation = originMethod.getAnnotation(SentinelResource.class);
        if (annotation == null) {
            // Should not go through here.
            throw new IllegalStateException("Wrong state for SentinelResource annotation");
        }
        // 获取注解上的资源名称
        String resourceName = getResourceName(annotation.value(), originMethod);
        EntryType entryType = annotation.entryType();
        int resourceType = annotation.resourceType();
        Entry entry = null;
        try {
            // 创建资源 Entry
            entry = SphU.entry(resourceName, resourceType, entryType, pjp.getArgs());
            // 执行受保护的方法
            Object result = pjp.proceed();
            return result;
        } catch (BlockException ex) {
            return handleBlockException(pjp, annotation, ex);
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            Class<? extends Throwable>[] exceptionsToIgnore = annotation.exceptionsToIgnore();
            // The ignore list will be checked first.
            if (exceptionsToIgnore.length > 0 && exceptionBelongsTo(ex, exceptionsToIgnore)) {
                throw ex;
            }
            if (exceptionBelongsTo(ex, annotation.exceptionsToTrace())) {
                traceException(ex);
                return handleFallback(pjp, annotation, ex);
            }

            // No fallback function can handle the exception, so throw it out.
            throw ex;
        } finally {
            if (entry != null) {
                entry.exit(1, pjp.getArgs());
            }
        }
    }
}

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// 创建context，包含两个参数：context名称、 来源名称
ContextUtil.enter("contextName", "originName");

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@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
    throws Exception {
    try {
        // 获取资源名称，一般是controller方法的@RequestMapping路径，例如/order/{orderId}
        String resourceName = getResourceName(request);
        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(resourceName)) {
            return true;
        }
        // 从request中获取请求来源，将来做 授权规则 判断时会用
        String origin = parseOrigin(request);
        
        // 获取 contextName，默认是sentinel_spring_web_context
        String contextName = getContextName(request);
        // 创建 Context
        ContextUtil.enter(contextName, origin);
        // 创建资源，名称就是当前请求的controller方法的映射路径
        Entry entry = SphU.entry(resourceName, ResourceTypeConstants.COMMON_WEB, EntryType.IN);
        request.setAttribute(baseWebMvcConfig.getRequestAttributeName(), entry);
        return true;
    } catch (BlockException e) {
        try {
            handleBlockException(request, response, e);
        } finally {
            ContextUtil.exit();
        }
        return false;
    }
}

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public static Context enter(String name, String origin) {
    if (Constants.CONTEXT_DEFAULT_NAME.equals(name)) {
        throw new ContextNameDefineException(
            "The " + Constants.CONTEXT_DEFAULT_NAME + " can't be permit to defined!");
    }
    return trueEnter(name, origin);
}

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protected static Context trueEnter(String name, String origin) {
    // 尝试获取context
    Context context = contextHolder.get();
    // 判空
    if (context == null) {
        // 如果为空，开始初始化
        Map<String, DefaultNode> localCacheNameMap = contextNameNodeMap;
        // 尝试获取入口节点
        DefaultNode node = localCacheNameMap.get(name);
        if (node == null) {
            LOCK.lock();
            try {
                node = contextNameNodeMap.get(name);
                if (node == null) {
                    // 入口节点为空，初始化入口节点 EntranceNode
                    node = new EntranceNode(new StringResourceWrapper(name, EntryType.IN), null);
                    // 添加入口节点到 ROOT
                    Constants.ROOT.addChild(node);
                    // 将入口节点放入缓存
                    Map<String, DefaultNode> newMap = new HashMap<>(contextNameNodeMap.size() + 1);
                    newMap.putAll(contextNameNodeMap);
                    newMap.put(name, node);
                    contextNameNodeMap = newMap;
                }
            } finally {
                LOCK.unlock();
            }
        }
        // 创建Context，参数为：入口节点 和 contextName
        context = new Context(node, name);
        // 设置请求来源 origin
        context.setOrigin(origin);
        // 放入ThreadLocal
        contextHolder.set(context);
    }
    // 返回
    return context;
}

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public static Entry entry(String name, int resourceType, EntryType trafficType, Object[] args)
    throws BlockException {
    return Env.sph.entryWithType(name, resourceType, trafficType, 1, args);
}

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@Override
public Entry entryWithType(String name, int resourceType, EntryType entryType, int count, boolean prioritized,
                           Object[] args) throws BlockException {
    // 将 资源名称等基本信息 封装为一个 StringResourceWrapper对象
    StringResourceWrapper resource = new StringResourceWrapper(name, entryType, resourceType);
    // 继续
    return entryWithPriority(resource, count, prioritized, args);
}

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private Entry entryWithPriority(ResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, int count, boolean prioritized, Object... args)
    throws BlockException {
    // 获取 Context
    Context context = ContextUtil.getContext();

    if (context == null) {
        // Using default context.
        context = InternalContextUtil.internalEnter(Constants.CONTEXT_DEFAULT_NAME);
    }
、	// 获取 Slot执行链，同一个资源，会创建一个执行链，放入缓存
    ProcessorSlot<Object> chain = lookProcessChain(resourceWrapper);

	// 创建 Entry，并将 resource、chain、context 记录在 Entry中
    Entry e = new CtEntry(resourceWrapper, chain, context);
    try {
        // 执行 slotChain
        chain.entry(context, resourceWrapper, null, count, prioritized, args);
    } catch (BlockException e1) {
        e.exit(count, args);
        throw e1;
    } catch (Throwable e1) {
        // This should not happen, unless there are errors existing in Sentinel internal.
        RecordLog.info("Sentinel unexpected exception", e1);
    }
    return e;
}

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@Override
public void entry(Context context, ResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, Object t, int count, boolean prioritized, Object... args)
    throws Throwable {
    // first，就是责任链中的第一个 slot
    first.transformEntry(context, resourceWrapper, t, count, prioritized, args);
}

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@Override
public void entry(Context context, ResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, Object obj, int count, boolean prioritized, Object... args)
    throws Throwable {
  	// 尝试获取 当前资源的 DefaultNode
    DefaultNode node = map.get(context.getName());
    if (node == null) {
        synchronized (this) {
            node = map.get(context.getName());
            if (node == null) {
                // 如果为空，为当前资源创建一个新的 DefaultNode
                node = new DefaultNode(resourceWrapper, null);
                HashMap<String, DefaultNode> cacheMap = new HashMap<String, DefaultNode>(map.size());
                cacheMap.putAll(map);
                // 放入缓存中，注意这里的 key是contextName，
                // 这样不同链路进入相同资源，就会创建多个 DefaultNode
                cacheMap.put(context.getName(), node);
                map = cacheMap;
                // 当前节点加入上一节点的 child中，这样就构成了调用链路树
                ((DefaultNode) context.getLastNode()).addChild(node);
            }

        }
    }
	// context中的curNode（当前节点）设置为新的 node
    context.setCurNode(node);
    // 执行下一个 slot
    fireEntry(context, resourceWrapper, node, count, prioritized, args);
}

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@Override
public void entry(Context context, ResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, DefaultNode node,
                  int count, boolean prioritized, Object... args)
    throws Throwable {
    // 判空，注意ClusterNode是共享的成员变量，也就是说一个资源只有一个ClusterNode，与链路无关
    if (clusterNode == null) {
        synchronized (lock) {
            if (clusterNode == null) {
                // 创建 cluster node.
                clusterNode = new ClusterNode(resourceWrapper.getName(), resourceWrapper.getResourceType());
                HashMap<ResourceWrapper, ClusterNode> newMap = new HashMap<>(Math.max(clusterNodeMap.size(), 16));
                newMap.putAll(clusterNodeMap);
                // 放入缓存，可以是nodeId，也就是resource名称
                newMap.put(node.getId(), clusterNode);
                clusterNodeMap = newMap;
            }
        }
    }
    // 将资源的 DefaultNode与 ClusterNode关联
    node.setClusterNode(clusterNode);
	// 记录请求来源 origin 将 origin放入 entry
    if (!"".equals(context.getOrigin())) {
        Node originNode = node.getClusterNode().getOrCreateOriginNode(context.getOrigin());
        context.getCurEntry().setOriginNode(originNode);
    }
	// 继续下一个slot
    fireEntry(context, resourceWrapper, node, count, prioritized, args);
}

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@Override
public void entry(Context context, ResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, DefaultNode node, 
                  int count, boolean prioritized, Object... args) throws Throwable {
    try {
        // 放行到下一个 slot，做限流、降级等判断
        fireEntry(context, resourceWrapper, node, count, prioritized, args);

        // 请求通过了, 线程计数器 +1 ，用作线程隔离
        node.increaseThreadNum();
        // 请求计数器 +1 用作限流
        node.addPassRequest(count);

        if (context.getCurEntry().getOriginNode() != null) {
            // 如果有 origin，来源计数器也都要 +1
            context.getCurEntry().getOriginNode().increaseThreadNum();
            context.getCurEntry().getOriginNode().addPassRequest(count);
        }

        if (resourceWrapper.getEntryType() == EntryType.IN) {
            // 如果是入口资源，还要给全局计数器 +1.
            Constants.ENTRY_NODE.increaseThreadNum();
            Constants.ENTRY_NODE.addPassRequest(count);
        }

        // 请求通过后的回调.
        for (ProcessorSlotEntryCallback<DefaultNode> handler : StatisticSlotCallbackRegistry.getEntryCallbacks()) {
            handler.onPass(context, resourceWrapper, node, count, args);
        }
    } catch (Throwable e) {
        // 各种异常处理就省略了。。。
        context.getCurEntry().setError(e);

        throw e;
    }
}

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@Override
public void addPassRequest(int count) {
    // DefaultNode的计数器，代表当前链路的 计数器
    super.addPassRequest(count);
    // ClusterNode计数器，代表当前资源的 总计数器
    this.clusterNode.addPassRequest(count);
}

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@Override
public void entry(Context context, ResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, DefaultNode node, int count, boolean prioritized, Object... args)
    throws Throwable {
    // 校验黑白名单
    checkBlackWhiteAuthority(resourceWrapper, context);
    // 进入下一个 slot
    fireEntry(context, resourceWrapper, node, count, prioritized, args);
}

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void checkBlackWhiteAuthority(ResourceWrapper resource, Context context) throws AuthorityException {
    // 获取授权规则
    Map<String, Set<AuthorityRule>> authorityRules = AuthorityRuleManager.getAuthorityRules();

    if (authorityRules == null) {
        return;
    }

    Set<AuthorityRule> rules = authorityRules.get(resource.getName());
    if (rules == null) {
        return;
    }
	// 遍历规则并判断
    for (AuthorityRule rule : rules) {
        if (!AuthorityRuleChecker.passCheck(rule, context)) {
            // 规则不通过，直接抛出异常
            throw new AuthorityException(context.getOrigin(), rule);
        }
    }
}

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static boolean passCheck(AuthorityRule rule, Context context) {
    // 得到请求来源 origin
    String requester = context.getOrigin();

    // 来源为空，或者规则为空，都直接放行
    if (StringUtil.isEmpty(requester) || StringUtil.isEmpty(rule.getLimitApp())) {
        return true;
    }

    // rule.getLimitApp()得到的就是 白名单 或 黑名单 的字符串，这里先用 indexOf方法判断
    int pos = rule.getLimitApp().indexOf(requester);
    boolean contain = pos > -1;

    if (contain) {
        // 如果包含 origin，还要进一步做精确判断，把名单列表以","分割，逐个判断
        boolean exactlyMatch = false;
        String[] appArray = rule.getLimitApp().split(",");
        for (String app : appArray) {
            if (requester.equals(app)) {
                exactlyMatch = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        contain = exactlyMatch;
    }
	// 如果是黑名单，并且包含origin，则返回false
    int strategy = rule.getStrategy();
    if (strategy == RuleConstant.AUTHORITY_BLACK && contain) {
        return false;
    }
	// 如果是白名单，并且不包含origin，则返回false
    if (strategy == RuleConstant.AUTHORITY_WHITE && !contain) {
        return false;
    }
	// 其它情况返回true
    return true;
}

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@Override
public void entry(Context context, ResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, DefaultNode node, 
                  int count,boolean prioritized, Object... args) throws Throwable {
    // 系统规则校验
    SystemRuleManager.checkSystem(resourceWrapper);
    // 进入下一个 slot
    fireEntry(context, resourceWrapper, node, count, prioritized, args);
}

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public static void checkSystem(ResourceWrapper resourceWrapper) throws BlockException {
    if (resourceWrapper == null) {
        return;
    }
    // Ensure the checking switch is on.
    if (!checkSystemStatus.get()) {
        return;
    }

    // 只针对入口资源做校验，其它直接返回
    if (resourceWrapper.getEntryType() != EntryType.IN) {
        return;
    }

    // 全局 QPS校验
    double currentQps = Constants.ENTRY_NODE == null ? 0.0 : Constants.ENTRY_NODE.successQps();
    if (currentQps > qps) {
        throw new SystemBlockException(resourceWrapper.getName(), "qps");
    }

    // 全局 线程数 校验
    int currentThread = Constants.ENTRY_NODE == null ? 0 : Constants.ENTRY_NODE.curThreadNum();
    if (currentThread > maxThread) {
        throw new SystemBlockException(resourceWrapper.getName(), "thread");
    }
	// 全局平均 RT校验
    double rt = Constants.ENTRY_NODE == null ? 0 : Constants.ENTRY_NODE.avgRt();
    if (rt > maxRt) {
        throw new SystemBlockException(resourceWrapper.getName(), "rt");
    }

    // 全局 系统负载 校验
    if (highestSystemLoadIsSet && getCurrentSystemAvgLoad() > highestSystemLoad) {
        if (!checkBbr(currentThread)) {
            throw new SystemBlockException(resourceWrapper.getName(), "load");
        }
    }

    // 全局 CPU使用率 校验
    if (highestCpuUsageIsSet && getCurrentCpuUsage() > highestCpuUsage) {
        throw new SystemBlockException(resourceWrapper.getName(), "cpu");
    }
}

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@Override
public void entry(Context context, ResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, DefaultNode node,
                  int count, boolean prioritized, Object... args) throws Throwable {
    // 如果没有设置热点规则，直接放行
    if (!ParamFlowRuleManager.hasRules(resourceWrapper.getName())) {
        fireEntry(context, resourceWrapper, node, count, prioritized, args);
        return;
    }
	// 热点规则判断
    checkFlow(resourceWrapper, count, args);
    // 进入下一个 slot
    fireEntry(context, resourceWrapper, node, count, prioritized, args);
}

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@Override
public void entry(Context context, ResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, DefaultNode node, int count,
                  boolean prioritized, Object... args) throws Throwable {
    // 限流规则检测
    checkFlow(resourceWrapper, context, node, count, prioritized);
	// 放行
    fireEntry(context, resourceWrapper, node, count, prioritized, args);
}

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void checkFlow(ResourceWrapper resource, Context context, DefaultNode node, int count, boolean prioritized)
    throws BlockException {
    // checker是 FlowRuleChecker 类的一个对象
    checker.checkFlow(ruleProvider, resource, context, node, count, prioritized);
}

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public void checkFlow(Function<String, Collection<FlowRule>> ruleProvider, 
                      ResourceWrapper resource,Context context, DefaultNode node,
                      int count, boolean prioritized) throws BlockException {
        if (ruleProvider == null || resource == null) {
            return;
        }
        // 获取当前资源的所有限流规则
        Collection<FlowRule> rules = ruleProvider.apply(resource.getName());
        if (rules != null) {
            for (FlowRule rule : rules) {
                // 遍历，逐个规则做校验
                if (!canPassCheck(rule, context, node, count, prioritized)) {
                    throw new FlowException(rule.getLimitApp(), rule);
                }
            }
        }
    }

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public class FlowRule extends AbstractRule {
    /**
     * 阈值类型 (0: 线程, 1: QPS).
     */
    private int grade = RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS;
    /**
     * 阈值.
     */
    private double count;
    /**
     * 三种限流模式.
     *
     * {@link RuleConstant#STRATEGY_DIRECT} 直连模式;
     * {@link RuleConstant#STRATEGY_RELATE} 关联模式;
     * {@link RuleConstant#STRATEGY_CHAIN} 链路模式.
     */
    private int strategy = RuleConstant.STRATEGY_DIRECT;
    /**
     * 关联模式关联的资源名称.
     */
    private String refResource;
    /**
     * 3种流控效果.
     * 0. 快速失败, 1. warm up, 2. 排队等待, 3. warm up + 排队等待
     */
    private int controlBehavior = RuleConstant.CONTROL_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT;
	// 预热时长
    private int warmUpPeriodSec = 10;
    /**
     * 队列最大等待时间.
     */
    private int maxQueueingTimeMs = 500;
    // 。。。 略
}

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public boolean canPassCheck(/*@NonNull*/ FlowRule rule, Context context, DefaultNode node, int acquireCount,
                            boolean prioritized) {
    // 获取限流资源名称
    String limitApp = rule.getLimitApp();
    if (limitApp == null) {
        return true;
    }
	// 校验规则
    return passLocalCheck(rule, context, node, acquireCount, prioritized);
}

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private static boolean passLocalCheck(FlowRule rule, Context context, DefaultNode node,
                                      int acquireCount,  boolean prioritized) {
    // 基于限流模式判断要统计的节点， 
    // 如果是直连模式，关联模式，对ClusterNode统计，如果是链路模式，则对DefaultNode统计
    Node selectedNode = selectNodeByRequesterAndStrategy(rule, context, node);
    if (selectedNode == null) {
        return true;
    }
	// 判断规则
    return rule.getRater().canPass(selectedNode, acquireCount, prioritized);
}

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// intervalInMs：是滑动窗口的时间间隔，默认为 1 秒
// sampleCount: 时间窗口的分隔数量，默认为 2，就是把 1秒分为 2个小时间窗
public ArrayMetric(int sampleCount, int intervalInMs) {
    this.data = new OccupiableBucketLeapArray(sampleCount, intervalInMs);
}

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@Override
public void addPass(int count) {
    // 获取当前时间所在的时间窗
    WindowWrap<MetricBucket> wrap = data.currentWindow();
    // 计数器 +1
    wrap.value().addPass(count);
}

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public abstract class LeapArray<T> {
    // 小窗口的时间长度，默认是500ms ，值 = intervalInMs / sampleCount
    protected int windowLengthInMs;
    // 滑动窗口内的 小窗口 数量，默认为 2
    protected int sampleCount;
    // 滑动窗口的时间间隔，默认为 1000ms
    protected int intervalInMs;
    // 滑动窗口的时间间隔，单位为秒，默认为 1
    private double intervalInSecond;
}

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public WindowWrap<T> currentWindow(long timeMillis) {
    if (timeMillis < 0) {
        return null;
    }
	// 计算当前时间对应的数组角标
    int idx = calculateTimeIdx(timeMillis);
    // 计算当前时间所在窗口的开始时间.
    long windowStart = calculateWindowStart(timeMillis);

    /*
         * 先根据角标获取数组中保存的 oldWindow 对象，可能是旧数据，需要判断.
         *
         * (1) oldWindow 不存在, 说明是第一次，创建新 window并存入，然后返回即可
         * (2) oldWindow的 starTime = 本次请求的 windowStar, 说明正是要找的窗口，直接返回.
         * (3) oldWindow的 starTime < 本次请求的 windowStar, 说明是旧数据，需要被覆盖，创建 
         *     新窗口，覆盖旧窗口
         */
    while (true) {
        WindowWrap<T> old = array.get(idx);
        if (old == null) {
            // 创建新 window
            WindowWrap<T> window = new WindowWrap<T>(windowLengthInMs, windowStart, newEmptyBucket(timeMillis));
            // 基于CAS写入数组，避免线程安全问题
            if (array.compareAndSet(idx, null, window)) {
                // 写入成功，返回新的 window
                return window;
            } else {
                // 写入失败，说明有并发更新，等待其它人更新完成即可
                Thread.yield();
            }
        } else if (windowStart == old.windowStart()) {
            return old;
        } else if (windowStart > old.windowStart()) {
            if (updateLock.tryLock()) {
                try {
                    // 获取并发锁，覆盖旧窗口并返回
                    return resetWindowTo(old, windowStart);
                } finally {
                    updateLock.unlock();
                }
            } else {
                // 获取锁失败，等待其它线程处理就可以了
                Thread.yield();
            }
        } else if (windowStart < old.windowStart()) {
            // 这种情况不应该存在，写这里只是以防万一。
            return new WindowWrap<T>(windowLengthInMs, windowStart, newEmptyBucket(timeMillis));
        }
    }
}